Hugh d’Avranches

   Another name for Hugh was Hugh Lupus.

  General Notes:

~An Analysis of the Domesday Book of the County of Norfolk, "Predigree of Hugh Lupus," pg. 16, gives his wife as Ermentrude, daughter of Hugh de Clermont, count of Beauvais in France ⁷⁸²

  Noted events in his life were:

• Background Information: ¹⁹⁵
Hugh, called of Avranches, Earl of Chester, son of Richard, called Goz, viscount of Avranches, is said to have been a nephew of William the Conqueror, his mother, to whom the name of Emma is given, being a daughter of Herleva [Ormerod; Doyle]; but for this there seems to be no authority earlier than the fourteenth century. His father, Richard, was the son of Thurstan Goz, lord of Hiesmes, son of Ansfrid, a Dane.

Thurstan was unfaithful to Duke William in 1040, and helped Henry, king of France, in his invasion of Normandy. His son Richard remained loyal and made his father's peace with the duke. When the duke was about to invade England, Hugh, who had by that time succeeded to his father's viscounty, was one of his chief councilors, and contributed sixty ships to the invading fleet [William of Poitiers, ap. Gesta Willelmi I, p. 121, see also p. 22]. He was richly rewarded with grants of English land. When Gerbod, earl of Chester, left, England in 1071, the Conqueror bestowed his, earldom on Hugh, who was, invested with singular power, for he was overlord of all the land in his earldom save what belonged to the bishop, he had a court of his barons or greater tenants in chief, offences were committed against his peace not against the king's, and writs ran in his name. These characteristics became recognized as constituting a palatine earldom. The exceptional power which he held was designed to strengthen him against the Welsh, against whom he carried on frequent and sanguinary wars in conjunction especially with Robert of Rhuddlan and his own baronial tenant, Robert of Malpas; he fought successfully in North Wales, invaded Anglesey, and built the castle of Aberlleiniog on the eastern coast of the island. Besides his earldom he held lands in twenty shires.

Extravagant, without being liberal, he loved show, was always ready for war, and kept an army rather than a household. An inordinate craving for sport led him to lay waste his own lands that he might have more space for hunting and hawking. He was gluttonous and sensual, became so unwieldy that he could scarcely walk, and was generally styled Hugh the Fat, and he had many children by different mistresses. His wars with the Welsh were carried on with a savage ferocity, which makes the name Wolf (Lupus) bestowed on him in later days an appropriate designation. At the same time he was a wise counselor, a loyal subject, and not without strong religious feelings. His household contained several men of high character, his chaplain was a learned and holy man, and both the earl and his countess, Ermentrude, daughter of Hugh of Claremont, count of Beauvais, were friends and admirers of Anselm [Orderic, pp. 522, 598; Eadmer, Historia Nororum, ii. 363].

When in 1082 Bishop Odo was planning an expedition to Italy, Hugh prepared to accompany him, but the scheme came to nothing. In the rebellion of 1088, he remained faithful to William Rufus. As viscount of Avranches he upheld the cause of his count, Henry [see Henry I], though when both Rufus and Duke Robert marched against the count in 1091, he surrendered his castle to them. The story that it was by his advice that Henry occupied Mont. St. Michel is probably without foundation [Wace, i. 14624; Freeman, William Rufus, ii. 530]. In 1092, he designed to turn out the secular canons of St . Werburgh's, Chester, and establish in their place a body of monks from the abbey of Bec. Accordingly he sent to Anselm, then abbot of Bec, who spoke of him as an old friend, asking him to come and help him, and his request was supported by other nobles. Anselm refused to visit England at that time, and the earl fell sick, and sent him another message urging him to come for the good of his soul. After a third message Anselm came, and helped the earl, who was then recovered, in his work. Hugh rebuilt the church in conjunction with his countess, endowed the monastery, and made Anselm's chaplain the first abbot. When Henry's fortunes mended in 1094, Hugh was again one of his chief supporters, and received from him the castle of St. James on the Beuvron in the south of the Avranchin, of which he had previously been constable, as his father had been before him.

On 31 Oct. he was summoned by Rufus to accompany Henry to Eu, where the king then was. They, however, sailed to England, and remained in London over Christmas. During his absence in Normandy the Welsh rebelled. They invaded and wasted Cheshire, took the earl's towns, and destroyed his castle in Anglesey. During the wars of the next three years, North Wales, with whom the earl must have been most concerned, remained unsubdued.

In January 1096, he was at the king's court at Salisbury, where he advised that William of Eu, who had been defeated in judicial combat, should be mutilated, for William had married the earl's sister and had been unfaithful to her. In 1098, he joined Hugh of Montgomery, earl of Shrewsbury, in an invasion of Anglesey. They bribed the Norse pirates from Ireland, who were in alliance with the Welsh, to help them to enter the island, rebuilt the castle of Aberlleiniog, slaughtered large numbers, and mutilated their captives. An old priest named Cenred, who had given counsel to the Welsh, was dragged out of church, and after he had suffered other mutilations his tongue was cut out. More than a century and a half later it was commonly believed that the Earl of Chester (or perhaps his fellow-earl) kenneled his hounds for a night in the church of St. Tyfrydog, and the next morning found them all mad. When the fleet of Magnus Barefoot, king of Norway, appeared off the island, the earls led a large force to prevent the Northmen from landing. The Earl of Shrewsbury was slain, and Magnus made peace with the Earl of Chester, declaring that he meant no harm to England, and had come to take possession of the islands which belonged to him. Hugh completed the conquest of Anglesey and subdued the larger part of North Wales.

Hugh was in Normandy when he heard of the death of Rufus in 1100. He crossed at once to England and was one of the principal counselors of Henry. The next year he fell sick assumed the Benedictine habit at St. Werburgh's, and three days afterwards died on 27 July. His body was first buried in the cemetery of the abbey, and was afterwards removed by his nephew Ranulf, earl of Chester, called le Meschin, into the chapter-house. The report that his remains were discovered in 1724 seems doubtful [Ormerod, i. 218].

By his wife Ermentrude he had one son, Richard, whom succeeded him, receiving investiture of the earldom about 1107. Richard, who was handsome, loyal, and amiable, married Matilda, daughter of Stephen, count of Blois, by Adela, daughter of the Conqueror, and while still a young man was drowned with his wife when the White Ship foundered on 27 Nov. 1119. Also probably by his wife Hugh had a daughter named Giva, who married Geoffrey Ridell, lord of 'Wittering, Northamptonshire, one of Henry's justices, and after her husband was drowned in the White Ship founded the Benedictine priory of Canwell, Staffordshire [Monastion, iv. 104; Tanner, Notitia, p. 496].

Of his illegitimate children, Robert became a monk of St. Evroul's, and was in 1100 wrongfully made abbot of St. Edmund's, whence he was removed by Anselm's authority [Orderic, pp. 602, 783; Liebermann, Annals of St. Edmund's, p. 130; St. Anselm, Epp. iv. 14], and Othere was tutor to the sons of Henry I and was drowned in the White Ship.


[Sources Cited by the author: Orderic, pp. 522, 598, 602, 704, 768, 783, 787, 870 (Duchesne); William of Poitiers, Gesta Wil-lelmi Conq. pp. 22, 121 (Giles); Will. of Jumièges, vii. 6, viii. 4 (Duchesne); Anglo-Sax. Chron. ann. 1094, 1098; Florence of Worc. ii. 42 (Engl. Hist. Soc.); Will. of Malmesbury's Gesta Regum, iv. 329 (Engl. Hist. Soc.); Hen. of Huntingdon, Hist. p. 242, De Contemptu Mundi, p. 304 (Rolls Ser.); Eadmer's Hist. Nov. pp. 362, 363, and Anselmi Epp. iv. 14, 81 (Migne); Liebermann's Ungedruckte Anglo-Normann Geschichtsquellen, p. 130; Wace's Roman de Rou, 1. 14624 sq.; Ann. Cambriæ, an. 1098, and Brut y Tywysogion, ann. 1092 (1094), 1096 (1098), both Rolls Ser.; Laing's Heimskringla, iii. 129-33; Giraldi Cambr. Itin. Kambr. ii. 7, Op. vi. 128, 129 (Rolls Ser.); Freeman's Norman Conq. iv. passim, Will. Rufus, i. 11, passim; Stubbs's Const. Hist. i. 363, 364; Ellis's Introd. to Domesday, i. 437; Ormerod's Hist. of Cheshire, i. 11, 12, 123, 124, 218; Doyle's Official Baronage, i. 362; Dugdale's Monasticon, ii. 271 sqq. iv. 104; Tanner's Notitia, p. 496.]

~ Rev. William Hunt, Dictionary of National Biography, Vol. X, pp. 1b1-162

• Background Information: ¹⁴¹
Hugh d'Avranches, styled by his contemporaries "Vras," or "le Gros" and, in after ages (from his rapacity) "Lupus," was son and heir of Richard le Goz, Vicomté Avranches, &c., in Normandy (son of Thurstan le Goz), by Emma, daughter of Herluin de Conteville and Herleve his wife, who (by Robert, Duke of Normandy) was mother of William "the Conqueror". He is generally supposed to have fought at the battle of Hastings (1066), when, at the utmost, he would have been but 19 years old. Not long afterwards, in 1071, he received from the King, his maternal uncle, the whole of the county Palatine of Chester (exception the Episcopal lands) "to hold as freely by the Sword, as he [the King] himself held the Kingdom of England by the Crown, "becoming thereby Count Palatine there of, as Earl of Chester. He succeeded his father, who was living as late as 1082, as Vicomté s d'Avranches, &c., in Normandy. In the rebellion (1096) against William II, he stood loyally by his Sovereign.

Hugh married Ermentrude, daughter of Hugues, Comté de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis, by Margaret, daughter of Hilduin, comté de Rouci et Montdidier. Having founded the Abbeys of St. Sever in Normandy and St. Werburg at Chester (besides largely endowing that of Whitby, co. York), he became a monk 3 days before he died 27 July 1101, at St. Werburg's. He was buried in the cemetery at St. Werburg, but his body was afterward removed to the Chapter House by Earl Ranulph le Meschin.

~Cockayne's Complete Peerage, (Chester), Vol. III pp. 164-165

• Web Reference: Hugh d'Avranches, 1st Earl of Chester of Avranches and Emma. Hugh became an important councillor of William, Duke of Normandy. His father contributed sixty ships to the invasion of England.

Due to his gluttony, Hugh became so fat that he could hardly walk, earning him the nickname of le Gros (the Fat). He would also earn the nickname Lupus (Wolf) for his savage ferocity against the Welsh.

Hugh d'Avranches is credited as siring children to many mistresses. He married Ermentrude of Claremont, by whom he had a son, Richard, and a daughter, Matilda d'Avranches. Other children accredited to Hugh and Ermentrude include Maud d'Avranches, Robert FitzHugh I, Hugh (Lupus) d'Avranches II, Helga de Kevelioc, and Geva d'Avranches.

Hugh married Ermentrude de Clermont, daughter of Hugues de Creil comté de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis and Marguerite de Rameru ^141,195.^,782